• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    Method for the identification of fuel excess or defect in cylinders of internal combustión engines used in electric generation. The object of the present invention is to identify in which cylinder an imbalance is produced caused by the excess or defect of fuel in internal combustión engines, used in electrical generation through the analysis of the different harmonics of the electrical fluctuations. To do this, electrical variables must be measured and also a fixed reference on the axle or on the camshaft for two or four-stroke engines, respectively. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2613270A1
    申请号:ES201531672
    申请日:2015-11-19
    公开日:2017-05-23
    发明作者:Carlos Antonio Platero Gaona；Fernando NIETO SUÁREZ
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF EXCESS OR DEFECT OFFUEL IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CYLINDERSEMPLOYEES IN ELECTRICAL GENERATION DESCRIPTION
    Object of the invention
    The object of the present invention is the description of a method to identify in which cylinder an imbalance is produced caused by the excess or defect of fuel in internal combustion engines, used in electric generation.
    The method used is based on the analysis of electric variables of the generator, driven by the motor. The analysis of the electrical variables is performed by decomposing said signal into harmonics, multiples of the motor's duty cycle frequency. Work cycle means the period in which an ignition occurs in all cylinders. In four-stroke engines the duty cycle corresponds to two turns, while in two-stroke engines it corresponds to one turn.
    The same oscillation in the electric quantities can be caused by excess fuel in one cylinder or by default fuel in another cylinder with a lag equivalent to half the work cycle. These lags are 180º and 360º mechanics in two and four stroke engines respectively.
    The method object of the present invention allows to differentiate if the imbalances are caused by excess or fuel defect thanks to the analysis of harmonics multiples of those of the work cycle. Background of the invention
    A common procedure for diagnosing internal combustion engines, which are used in the generation of electrical energy, is the direct analysis of physical quantities of the engine, such as pressures or exhaust temperatures in the different cylinders.
    There are also other methods, such as the one mentioned in patent ES2355886 which is based on the analysis of electrical variables in the generator instead of directly measuring in the motor.
    This method does not allow to discern the excess or defect of fuel using only electrical variables. To take such a conclusion, measurements of physical variables in the engine, such as cylinder pressures or exhaust temperatures, among others, would be necessary.
    The present invention makes possible the identification of an imbalance due to excess or defect of fuel, analyzing only the electric variables of the generator, thanks to the use of comparisons of different harmonics of the electric oscillations multiples of the frequency of the work cycle. Description of the invention
    The torque supplied by an internal combustion engine (5) is not constant, as it is the result of combustion in the different cylinders.
    In case of a fully balanced operation the frequency of these torque oscillations would be the same as the frequency of the ignitions.
    In a generator (4) driven by an internal combustion engine (5), the motor torque oscillations are transformed into electrical oscillations (9), what happens is that each of the frequencies of the torque oscillations are converted into power differently
    This method is based on the measurement of the currents and voltages of the generator (4) through measurement transformers (8). From these measurements, the rest of the variables can be calculated, such as active power, reactive power, frequency, effective current values, etc.
    It is also necessary to know the position of the axis (1) of the motor-generator group or at least have a fixed reference to be able to calculate the phases of the power oscillations. For this, a possible solution is the installation of a reference (2) and a position sensor (3) that sends a pulse (6) to a recorder (10) each time the axis passes through said fixed position.
    In the case of four-stroke engines, the engine's duty cycle corresponds to two complete revolutions of the shaft, so one way to have a fixed reference would be to install the same elements (2) and (3) but in the shaft of cams.
    Once the electrical magnitude (9) was registered together with the pulses (6), there would be two series of data (12). A data selection stage (13) would take the electrical magnitude data between two pulses (6) thus having a complete number of motor work cycles (14).
    Once a number of complete motor cycles (14) have been selected, a calculation stage (15) would perform the decomposition in the different harmonics. Calculating the amplitude and offset of the harmonics from this fixed reference position of the shaft (or camshaft).
    Finally, a comparison stage (16) would determine which cylinder is the cause of the problem and if it is due to excess or fuel defect.
    The principle scheme of the method is shown in Figure 1.
    The different harmonics in the electrical variables have different phases depending on the cylinder that causes the imbalance.
    Figures 2 and 3 show the harmonic corresponding to the duty cycle (5 Hz) of a four-stroke, 600 rpm and 16-cylinder V-motor, where different imbalances in the different cylinders have been caused. In figure 2 the default fuel records have been collected, while in figure 3 the excess fuel records are collected.
    In both figures the different cylinders have been named with a letter A or B corresponding to the two sides of the V-motor, and a number from 1 to 8.
    It can be seen that the different oscillations represented are distributed along the graph, where a duty cycle has been represented in 360º. The order of these oscillations follows the order of ignition.
    It can also be seen that the oscillations caused by a cylinder are in contraphase if it is an excess or defect, when comparing figures 2 and 3.
    And finally it can be seen that two cylinders that are out of phase half of the work cycle can produce the same oscillation if there is an excess and a fuel defect or vice versa. For example, the oscillation of 5 Hz corresponding to the duty cycle of cylinders A7 and A2 due to excess and fuel defect respectively is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that the oscillation is the same.
    Figure 5 shows the decomposition of the harmonic module of a motor with similar characteristics under normal operating conditions and with a forced imbalance in one of the cylinders. It is observed that in addition to the 5 Hz harmonic corresponding to the duty cycle, multiples of this appear in 10, 15, 20 Hz, among others.
    Figures 6 and 7 show the harmonics of 10 Hz, corresponding to a frequency double that of the duty cycle for imbalances in all cylinders by default and excess respectively. These registers are the same as those shown in figures 2 and 3 but the frequency in these figures is 5 Hz.
    Following the example of Figure 4, Figure 8 shows the 10 Hz harmonics of the A7 and A2 cylinders for excess and fuel defect respectively. It can be seen that the oscillation is 180º.
    From the analysis of Figures 4 and 8, it can be clearly seen that although the harmonics of order 1 (5 Hz) are the same, the second order harmonics (10 Hz) are 180 ° out of phase. This fact makes it possible to distinguish between an excess or a fuel defect, between the different cylinders.
    To be able to diagnose an engine, tests should be carried out to know the different phase shifts of the cylinders and their harmonics with respect to the position sensor of the installed shaft. Therefore, after a measurement in the engine compared to the previous tests, it is possible to identify which cylinder is the one that causes the imbalance and if it is due to excess or defect of fuel. Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
    Two possible preferred embodiments for two- and four-stroke engines are shown below. Two-stroke engines
    The diagnostic method based on the analysis of harmonic multiples of the ignition order consists of a first recording stage, in which a measuring device (7) records the desired variables (8) of the generator (4). Another recorded variable will be the pulses produced by the auxiliary system for identifying motor power cycles (6), which in this preferred embodiment is obtained from a position sensor (3) that generates said signal (6) when a reference ( 2) located on the shaft passes through a certain position. In this way, a pulse is obtained for each motor work cycle, corresponding in this case with a revolution in the axis of the generator motor group.
    By analyzing the module of the recorded variables, it will be verified if the motor is outside the range of admitted imbalance, provided that the oscillation module exceeds a certain value.
    By analyzing the phases of the different harmonics you can identify which cylinder is the cause of the imbalance and if it is due to excess or fuel defect.
    This analysis also provides the cylinder or cylinders that are producing a greater contribution to the imbalance, also identifying if the nature of the imbalance is caused by an excess or defect of fuel in the cylinders in question.
    Four-stroke engines
    In this preferred embodiment, it is obtained from a position sensor (3) that generates said signal (6) when a reference (2) located in the camshaft passes through a certain position. In this way, a pulse is obtained for each motor work cycle, corresponding in this case with two revolutions in the axis of the generator motor group. Brief description of the figures
    Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the internal combustion engine diagnostic method based on the analysis of the different harmonics of the electric oscillations, where the reference system of the position of the generator shaft (1) is represented, the reference (2) fixed on the shaft, a proximity detector (3), the proximity detector signal (6), the generator (4), the combustion engine (5), the current measurement transformers (8) and voltage, the electrical measurement equipment (7), the recorder (10) and the data selection stage (13). One of the outputs (9) of the measuring equipment, corresponding to an electrical variable that is recorded, is represented by way of example. An example is also shown, a register (12) of the electric variable together with the signal of the proximity indicator (6). In this register, complete cycle data (14) is selected using the device (13). And finally the calculation stage (15) makes the decomposition in different harmonics and the stage (16) makes the identification of the cylinder and if it is due to excess or defect of fuel.
    Figure 2 shows the vectors (module and argument) of different imbalances by default of fuel in the 16 cylinders of an engine. The vectors shown are those corresponding to the harmonic corresponding to a 5 Hz duty cycle.
    Figure 3 shows the vectors (module and argument) of different imbalances due to excess fuel in the 16 cylinders of an engine. The vectors shown are those corresponding to the harmonic corresponding to a 5 Hz duty cycle.
    Figure 4 shows the imbalances of 5 Hz of two cylinders (A7 and A2) out of phase half work cycle, with an imbalance by excess and by default.
    Figure 5 shows the module of the different harmonics of a 16-cylinder, 10-stroke, 600-rpm engine.
    Figure 6 shows the vectors (module and argument) of different imbalances by default of fuel in the 16 cylinders of an engine. The vectors shown are those corresponding to the 10 Hz harmonic corresponding to half a duty cycle.
    15 Figure 7 shows the vectors (module and argument) of different imbalances due to excess fuel in the 16 cylinders of an engine. The vectors shown are those corresponding to the 10 Hz harmonic corresponding to half a duty cycle.
    Figure 8 shows the 10 Hz imbalances of two cylinders (A7 and A2) out of phase 20 half cycle, with an excess and default imbalance.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. A diagnostic method that identifies the excess or defect of fuel in cylinders that produce an unbalanced operation in a combustion engine (5) coupled to a synchronous generator (4) characterized in that
    5 comprises the following steps: acquisition stage (7) of at least one of the following electrical quantities active power, reactive power, voltage, intensity and frequency;
    step of acquiring a reference of the position of the shaft (6) or camshaft during the engine duty cycle;
    10 recording stage (10) of the selected electrical quantity with the reference of the position of the camshaft or shaft;
    step of selecting the data (13) of the electrical magnitude selected between two references of the position of the camshaft or shaft for a whole number of cycles;
    15 stage of calculation of harmonics (15) of the selected electrical quantity;
    comparison stage (16) that determines the excess or defect of fuel in the cylinders thanks to the comparison with previous tests.
    one
    Figure 1
    Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
    Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8
    14
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2613270B2|2018-02-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US7027910B1|2005-01-13|2006-04-11|General Motors Corporation|Individual cylinder controller for four-cylinder engine|
    US20150322880A1|2014-05-09|2015-11-12|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for determining an imbalance of at least one cylinder|
    法律状态:
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    ES201531672A|ES2613270B2|2015-11-19|2015-11-19|METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF EXCESS OR DEFECT FUEL IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CYLINDERS USED IN ELECTRICAL GENERATION|ES201531672A| ES2613270B2|2015-11-19|2015-11-19|METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF EXCESS OR DEFECT FUEL IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CYLINDERS USED IN ELECTRICAL GENERATION|
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